Sabtu, 24 April 2010

Tips Menghadapi Majikan di Korea

Sebelum menjadi seorang Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) di Korea Selatan, ada baiknya jika Anda mengetahui adat dan kebiasaan masyarakat di Korea Selatan. Dengan mengetahui adat kebiasaan tersebut, maka Anda akan lebih mudah beradaptasi terutama pada tahap awal kedatangan Anda di sana.
Sebelum menjadi seorang Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) di Korea Selatan, ada baiknya jika Anda mengetahui adat dan kebiasaan masyarakat di Korea Selatan. Dengan mengetahui adat kebiasaan tersebut, maka Anda akan lebih mudah beradaptasi terutama pada tahap awal kedatangan Anda di sana.

Inilah beberapa kebiasaan masyarakat Korea Selatan:

* Waktu pertama datang, biasanya disuguhkan minuman beralkohol sebagai penghargaan pada TKI (Welcome Drink). Untuk menghadapinya, TKI bisa menerima dahulu minuman tersebut baru kemudian diletakkan dan kemudian minta minuman ringan lainnya. Minuman beralkohol merupakan hal yang biasa di Korea baik untuk pria maupun wanita.
* Orang Korea bertemperamen tinggi, kasar sehingga untuk mendisiplinkan orang asing sering dengan bicara yang sangat keras, seperti orang marah diselingi makian dan kadang tangan memegang atau mendorong kepala TKI dimana hal tersebut dianggap hal biasa.
* Makanan yang disantap orang Korea umumnya banyak yang mengandung Babi.
* Makan di dalam kamar merupakan hal yang tabu, karena dipercayai membuat rejeki tidak akan masuk atau menjauhkan dari rejeki.
* Korea adalah negara yang sangat beretiket, oleh karenanya sopan santun antara atasan dan bawahan sangat perlu dijaga.
* Dalam berhadapan dengan pimpinan dan orang yang dihormati, saat pertama kali bertemu harus memberikan salam dengan baik sambil menunduk 45 derajat.
* Dalam menerima atau menyerahkan sesuatu harus selalu dengan dua tangan.
* Selalu mengucapkan terima kasih sewaktu menerima sesuatu atau bantuan.
* Selalu membiasakan diri memberi salam, selamat datang, selamat tinggal, selamat bekerja.
* Tidak merokok di bus, mobil, subway, taksi, di tempat bekerja, di depan orang tua dan di tempat dilarang merokok lainnya.
* Meminta maaf ketika salah tanpa harus memperbanyak alasan.
* Mengakui kesalahan dengan sportif.
* Membiasakan antri dan tidak bergerombol apalagi berisik.
* Merupakan hal yang biasa bagi orang Korea menegur atau membentak, kadang memaki bawahannya langsung saat itu juga bila melakukan kesalahan sekecil apapun.
* Selesai marah atau dimarahi, orang Korea tidak menyimpan dendam di hati, persoalan berhenti sampai saat itu juga.
* Saling membantu antara yunior dan senior.
* Sewaktu makan jangan mengeluarkan suara yang keras yang bisa mengganggu orang lain dan tidak boleh menggunakan tangan, tetapi harus dengan sumpit atau sendok makan.
* Orang Korea sudah terbiasa dengan minum-minuman keras sebagai pelepas stress, membina persahabatan dan untuk kesehatan.
* Sebagian besar masyarakat Korea mempunyai pandangan bahwa bila kita minum bersama sampai mabuk maka tidak ada rahasia lagi di antara mereka, dan mereka akan saling percaya dan bersahabat.
* Untuk menghilangkan stress dan penat mereka juga biasa pergi ke Kafe atau bar untuk minum.
* Masyarakat Korea mempunyai sikap disiplin yang tinggi dan rajin bekerja.
* Orang Korea terbiasa taat pada atasan, sigap, cepat dan menunjukkan kerja yang baik.


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Selasa, 13 April 2010

about Korea, (Tentang Korea Selatan)

An independent Korean state or collection of states has existed almost continuously for several millennia. Between its initial unification in the 7th century - from three predecessor Korean states - until the 20th century, Korea existed as a single independent country. In 1905, following the Russo-Japanese War, Korea became a protectorate of imperial Japan, and in 1910 it was annexed as a colony. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the United States in 1945. After World War II, a Republic of Korea (ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a Communist-style government was installed in the north (the DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside soldiers from the ROK to defend South Korea from DPRK attacks supported by China and the Soviet Union. An armistice was signed in 1953, splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth with per capita income rising to roughly 14 times the level of North Korea. In 1993, KIM Young-sam became South Korea's first civilian president following 32 years of military rule. South Korea today is a fully functioning modern democracy. In June 2000, a historic first North-South summit took place between the South's President KIM Dae-jung and the North's leader KIM Jong Il. In October 2007, a second North-South summit took place between the South's President ROH Moo-hyun and the North Korean leader. Harsh rhetoric and unwillingness by North Korea to engage with President LEE Myung-bak following his February 2008 inauguration has strained inter-Korean relations. 

An independent Korean state or collection of states has existed almost continuously for several millennia. Between its initial unification in the 7th century - from three predecessor Korean states - until the 20th century, Korea existed as a single independent country. In 1905, following the Russo-Japanese War, Korea became a protectorate of imperial Japan, and in 1910 it was annexed as a colony. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the United States in 1945. After World War II, a Republic of Korea (ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a Communist-style government was installed in the north (the DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside soldiers from the ROK to defend South Korea from DPRK attacks supported by China and the Soviet Union. An armistice was signed in 1953, splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth with per capita income rising to roughly 14 times the level of North Korea. In 1993, KIM Young-sam became South Korea's first civilian president following 32 years of military rule. South Korea today is a fully functioning modern democracy. In June 2000, a historic first North-South summit took place between the South's President KIM Dae-jung and the North's leader KIM Jong Il. In October 2007, a second North-South summit took place between the South's President ROH Moo-hyun and the North Korean leader. Harsh rhetoric and unwillingness by North Korea to engage with President LEE Myung-bak following his February 2008 inauguration has strained inter-Korean relations. 


Geography
Strategic location on Korea Strait
Location: Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea
Geographic coordinates: 37 00 N, 127 30 E
Area: total: 99,720 sq km land: 96,920 sq km water: 2,800 sq km

Size comparison: slightly larger than Indiana
Land Boundaries: total: 238 km border countries: North Korea 238 km
Coastline: 2,413 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the Korea Strait contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: not specified
Climate: temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter
Terrain: mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m
Natural resources: coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential
Land use: arable land: 16.58% permanent crops: 2.01% other: 81.41% (2005)
Irrigated land: 8,780 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards: occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest
Current Environment Issues: air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing
International Environment Agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
People
Population: 48,508,972 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 25
Age structure: 0-14 years: 16.8% (male 4,278,581/female 3,887,516) 15-64 years: 72.3% (male 17,897,053/female 17,196,840) 65 years and over: 10.8% (male 2,104,589/female 3,144,393) (2009 est.)
Median age: total: 37.3 years male: 36 years female: 38.5 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.266% (2009 est.)
Birth rate: 8.93 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate: 5.94 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 4.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.49 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.72 years male: 75.45 years female: 82.22 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.21 children born/woman (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 13,000 (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 500 (2007 est.)
Nationality: noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean
Ethnic groups: homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
Religions: Christian 26.3% (Protestant 19.7%, Roman Catholic 6.6%), Buddhist 23.2%, other or unknown 1.3%, none 49.3% (1995 census)
Languages: Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.9% male: 99.2% female: 96.6% (2002)
 Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Korea conventional short form: South Korea local long form: Taehan-min'guk local short form: Han'guk abbreviation: ROK
Government type: republic
Capital: name: Seoul geographic coordinates: 37 33 N, 126 59 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 7 metropolitan cities (gwangyoksi, singular and plural) provinces: Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto (North Cholla), Cholla-namdo (South Cholla), Ch'ungch'ong-bukto (North Ch'ungch'ong), Ch'ungch'ong-namdo (South Ch'ungch'ong), Kangwon-do, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto (North Kyongsang), Kyongsang-namdo (South Kyongsang) metropolitan cities: Inch'on-gwangyoksi, Kwangju-gwangyoksi, Pusan-gwangyoksi, Soul-t'ukpyolsi, Taegu-gwangyoksi, Taejon-gwangyoksi, Ulsan-gwangyoksi
Independence: 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
National holiday: Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)
Constitution: 17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten nine times; current constitution approved on 29 October 1987
Legal system: combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 19 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President LEE Myung-bak (since 25 February 2008) head of government: Prime Minister CHUNG Un-chan (since 30 September 2009) cabinet: State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation elections: president elected by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held 19 December 2007 (next to be held in December 2012); prime minister appointed by president with consent of National Assembly election results: LEE Myung-bak elected president on 19 December 2007; percent of vote - LEE Myung-bak (GNP) 48.7%; CHUNG Dong-young (UNDP) 26.1%); LEE Hoi-chang (independent) 15.1; others 10.1%
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (299 seats; 245 members elected in single-seat constituencies, 54 elected by proportional representation; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 9 April 2008 (next to be held in April 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GNP 172, UDP 83, LFP 20, Pro-Park Alliance 8, DLP 5, CKP 1, independents 9
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president with consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices appointed by the president based partly on nominations by National Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party or DP [CHUNG Sye-kyun] (formerly the United Democratic Party or UDP); Democratic Labor Party or DLP [KANG Ki-kap]; Grand National Party or GNP [CHUNG Mong-joon]; Liberty Forward Party or LFP [LEE Hoi-chang]; New Progressive Party or NPP [ROH Hoe-chan]; Pro-Park Alliance or PPA [SUH Choung-won]; Renewal Korea Party or RKP [SONG Yong-o]
Political pressure groups and leaders: Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans' Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Federation of Student Associations
International organization participation: ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CICA, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA, MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador HAN Duck-soo chancery: 2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-5600 FAX: [1] (202) 387-0205 consulate(s) general: Agana (Guam), Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Kathleen STEPHENS embassy: 32 Sejongno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-710 mailing address: US Embassy Seoul, APO AP 96205-5550 telephone: [82] (2) 397-4114 FAX: [82] (2) 738-8845
 Economy
Since the 1960s, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and global integration to become a high-tech industrialized economy. Four decades ago, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion dollar club of world economies, and currently is among the world's twenty largest economies. Initially, this success was achieved by a system of close government and business ties including directed credit and import restrictions. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods, and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model including high debt/equity ratios and massive foreign borrowing. GDP plunged by 6.9% in 1998, then recovered by 9% in 1999-2000. Korea adopted numerous economic reforms following the crisis, including greater openness to foreign investment and imports. Growth moderated to about 4-5% annually between 2003 and 2007. With the global economic downturn in late 2008, South Korean GDP growth slowed to 2.2% in 2008 and declined 0.8% in 2009. In the third quarter of 2009, the economy began to recover, in large part due to export growth, low interest rates, and an expansionary fiscal policy. The South Korean economy's long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and overdependence on manufacturing exports to drive economic growth.
GDP (purchasing power parity):GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.343 trillion (2009 est.) $1.354 trillion (2008 est.) $1.325 trillion (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):GDP (official exchange rate): $800.3 billion (2009 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: -0.8% (2009 est.) 2.2% (2008 est.) 5.1% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):GDP - per capita (PPP): $27,700 (2009 est.) $28,000 (2008 est.) $27,500 (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 3% industry: 39.4% services: 57.6% (2008 est.)
Labor force: 24.37 million (2009 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 7.2% industry: 25.1% services: 67.7% (2007)
Unemployment rate: 4.1% (2009 est.) 3.175% (2008 est.)
Population below poverty line: 15% (2003 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.7% highest 10%: 24.2% (2007)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 31.3 (2007) 35.8 (2000)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.8% (2009 est.) 4.7% (2008 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):Investment (gross fixed): 28.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
Budget: revenues: $191.5 billion expenditures: $227.2 billion (2009 est.)
Public debt: 28% of GDP (2009 est.) 24.4% of GDP (2008 est.)
Agriculture - products: rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish
Industries: electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel
Industrial production growth rate: -7.5% (2009 est.)
Electricity - production: 440 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 385.1 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production: 30,440 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - consumption: 2.175 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - exports: 800,000 bbl/day note: exports consist of oil derivatives (gasoline, light oil, and diesel), not crude oil (2008 est.)
Oil - imports: 2.982 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl
Natural gas - production: 443 million cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 34.76 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 36.21 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 50 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)
Current account balance: $30.38 billion (2009 est.) $-6.349 billion (2008 est.)
Exports: $355.1 billion (2009 est.) $433.5 billion (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities: semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals
Exports - partners: China 21.4%, US 10.9%, Japan 6.6%, Hong Kong 4.6% (2008)
Imports: $313.4 billion (2009 est.) $427.4 billion (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, organic chemicals, plastics
Imports - partners: China 17.7%, Japan 14%, US 8.9%, Saudi Arabia 7.8%, UAE 4.4%, Australia 4.1% (2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $245.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $201.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Debt - external: $333.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $381.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $86 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $124.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $NA (31 December 2009 est.) $74.6 billion (30 June 2008)
Market value of publicly traded shares: $494.6 billion (31 December 2008) $1.124 trillion (31 December 2007) $835.2 billion (31 December 2006)
Exchange rates: South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar - 1,296.88 (2009), 1,101.7 (2008), 929.2 (2007), 954.8 (2006), 1,024.1 (2005)
Communications
Telephones in use: 21.325 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 13
Cellular Phones in use: 45.607 million (2008)
Telephone system: general assessment: excellent domestic and international services featuring rapid incorporation of new technologies domestic: fixed-line and mobile-cellular services wide available with a combined telephone subscribership of roughly 140 per 100 persons; rapid assimilation of a full range of telecommunications technologies leading to a boom in e-commerce international: country code - 82; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 66
Radio broadcast stations: AM 96, FM 322, shortwave 1 (2008)
Television broadcast stations: 57 (plus 103 cable operators and 119 relay cable operators) (2008)
Internet country code: .kr
Internet hosts: 301,270 (2009)
Internet users: 37.476 million (2008)
Transportation
Airports: 116 (2009) country comparison to the world: 53
Airports (paved runways): total: 72 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 22 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 22 (2009)
Airports (unpaved runways): total: 44 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 42 (2009)
Heliports: 516 (2009)
Pipelines: gas 1,423 km; refined products 827 km (2008)
Railways: total: 3,381 km standard gauge: 3,381 km 1.435-m gauge (1,843 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways: total: 103,029 km paved: 80,642 km (includes 3,367 km of expressways) unpaved: 22,387 km (2008)
Waterways: 1,608 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2008)
Merchant marine: total: 812 by type: bulk carrier 212, cargo 226, carrier 2, chemical tanker 133, container 80, liquefied gas 33, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 26, petroleum tanker 61, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 31 (China 1, Japan 20, Norway 2, UK 1, US 7) registered in other countries: 363 (Belize 1, Cambodia 22, China 1, Cyprus 1, Honduras 6, Hong Kong 3, Kiribati 2, Liberia 3, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 10, Mongolia 1, Netherlands 1, Panama 303, Russia 1, Singapore 3, Tuvalu 1, unknown 2) (2008)
Ports and terminals: Inch'on, P'ohang, Pusan, Ulsan
 Military

Military branches: Republic of Korea Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force (2009)
Military service age and obligation: 20-30 years of age for compulsory military service, with middle school education required; conscript service obligation - less than 22 months (Army, Marines), approx. 25 months (Air Force) (to be reduced to 18 months beginning 2016); 18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; women, in service since 1950, admitted to 7 service branches, including infantry, but excluded from artillery, armor, anti-air, and chaplaincy corps; some 4,000 women serve as commissioned and noncommissioned officers, approx. 2.3% of all officers (2009)
Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 13,691,809 females age 16-49: 13,029,859 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 10,991,263 females age 16-49: 10,356,604 (2009 est.)


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Sepintas Tentang Tanah Air-Ku (about my country, Indonesia)

The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence after Japan's surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. Indonesia's first free parliamentary election after decades of repressive rule took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third-largest democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and home to the world's largest Muslim population. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, holding the military and police accountable for past human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling avian influenza. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face a low intensity separatist movement in Papua. 

The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence after Japan's surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. Indonesia's first free parliamentary election after decades of repressive rule took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third-largest democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and home to the world's largest Muslim population. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, holding the military and police accountable for past human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling avian influenza. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face a low intensity separatist movement in Papua. 


Geography
Archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean
Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Geographic coordinates: 5 00 S, 120 00 E
Area: total: 1,904,569 sq km land: 1,811,569 sq km water: 93,000 sq km

Size comparison: slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Land Boundaries: total: 2,830 km border countries: Timor-Leste 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Coastline: 54,716 km
Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Puncak Jaya 5,030 m
Natural resources: petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Land use: arable land: 11.03% permanent crops: 7.04% other: 81.93% (2005)
Irrigated land: 45,000 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards: occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires
Current Environment Issues: deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires
International Environment Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
People
Population: 240,271,522 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 4
Age structure: 0-14 years: 28.1% (male 34,337,341/female 33,162,207) 15-64 years: 66% (male 79,549,569/female 78,918,321) 65 years and over: 6% (male 6,335,208/female 7,968,876) (2009 est.)
Median age: total: 27.6 years male: 27.1 years female: 28.1 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.136% (2009 est.)
Birth rate: 18.84 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate: 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 29.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 34.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.76 years male: 68.26 years female: 73.38 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.31 children born/woman (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 270,000 (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 8,700 (2007 est.)
Nationality: noun: Indonesian(s) adjective: Indonesian
Ethnic groups: Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9% (2000 census)
Religions: Muslim 86.1%, Protestant 5.7%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4% (2000 census)
Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90.4% male: 94% female: 86.8% (2004 est.)
Government
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia conventional short form: Indonesia local long form: Republik Indonesia local short form: Indonesia former: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies
Government type: republic
Capital: name: Jakarta geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Indonesia is divided into three time zones
Administrative divisions: 30 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, Papua Barat, Riau, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta* note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, the 465 regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services
Independence: 17 August 1945 (declared); 27 December 1949 (by the Netherlands) note: in August 2005, the Netherlands announced it recognized de facto Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945
National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Constitution: August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amendments concluded in 2002
Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Executive branch: chief of state: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president are elected for five-year terms (eligible for a second term) by direct vote of the citizenry; last held on 8 July 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO elected president; percent of vote - Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO 60.8%, MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri 26.8%, Jusuf KALLA 12.4%
Legislative branch: People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) is the upper house, consists of members of DPR and DPD, has role in inaugurating and impeaching the president and in amending the constitution, does not formulate national policy; House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (560 seats, members elected to serve five-year terms), formulates and passes legislation at the national level; House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions elections: last held 9 April 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - PD 20.9%, GOLKAR 14.5%, PDI-P 14.0%, PKS 7.9%, PAN 6.0%, PPP 5.3%, PKB 4.9%, GERINDRA 4.5%, HANURA 3.8%, others 18.2%; seats by party - PD 148, GOLKAR 107, PDI-P 94, PKS 57, PAN 46, PPP 37, PKB 28, GERINDRA 26, HANURA 17 note: 29 other parties received less than 2.5% of the vote so did not obtain any seats; because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties
Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung is the final court of appeal but does not have the power of judicial review (justices are appointed by the president from a list of candidates selected by the legislature); in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (invested by the president on 16 August 2003) has the power of judicial review, jurisdiction over the results of a general election, and reviews actions to dismiss a president from office; Labor Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in January 2006; the Anti-Corruption Court has jurisdiction over corruption cases brought by the independent Corruption Eradication Commission
Political parties and leaders: Democrat Party or PD [Hadi UTOMO]; Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE]; Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [SUHARDI]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR]; People's Conscience Party or HANURA [WIRANTO]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Luthfi Hasan SHAQ]; United Development Party or PPP [Suryadharma ALI]
Political pressure groups and leaders: Commission for the "Disappeared" and Victims of Violence or KontraS; Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW; Indonesian Forum for the Environment or WALHI; Islamic Defenders Front or FPI; People's Democracy Fortress or Bendera
International organization participation: ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador SUDJADNAN Parnohadiningrat chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200 FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Cameron R. HUME embassy: Jalan 1 Medan Merdeka Selatan 4-5, Jakarta 10110 mailing address: Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520 telephone: [62] (21) 3435-9000 FAX: [62] (21) 3435-9922 consulate(s) general: Surabaya
Economy
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has weathered the global financial crisis relatively smoothly because of its heavy reliance on domestic consumption as the driver of economic growth. Although the economy slowed significantly from the 6%-plus growth rate recorded in 2007 and 2008, expanding at 4% in the first half of 2009, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth during the crisis. The government used fiscal stimulus measures and monetary policy to counter the effects of the crisis and offered cash transfers to poor families; in addition, campaign spending in advance of legislative and presidential elections in April and July helped buoy consumption. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO, introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision. Indonesia's debt-to-GDP ratio in recent years has declined steadily because of increasingly robust GDP growth and sound fiscal stewardship. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. YUDHOYONO's reelection, with respected economist BOEDIONO as his vice president, suggests broad continuity of economic policy, although the start of their term has been marred by corruption scandals. The government in 2010 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesia's insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, while addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation needs, particularly with regard to conserving Indonesia's forests and peatlands.
GDP (purchasing power parity):GDP (purchasing power parity): $968.5 billion (2009 est.) $927.7 billion (2008 est.) $874.4 billion (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):GDP (official exchange rate): $514.9 billion (2009 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 4.4% (2009 est.) 6.1% (2008 est.) 6.3% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):GDP - per capita (PPP): $4,000 (2009 est.) $3,900 (2008 est.) $3,700 (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 14.4% industry: 47.1% services: 38.5% (2009 est.)
Labor force: 113.3 million (2009 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 42.1% industry: 18.6% services: 39.3% (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate: 7.7% (2009 est.) 8.4% (2008 est.)
Population below poverty line: 17.8% (2006)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 32.3% (2005)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 39.4 (2005) 37 (2001)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (2009 est.) 9.9% (2008 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):Investment (gross fixed): 27.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
Budget: revenues: $83.77 billion expenditures: $97.24 billion (2009 est.)
Public debt: 29.8% of GDP (2009 est.) 29.3% of GDP (2008 est.)
Agriculture - products: rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Industries: petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism
Industrial production growth rate: 2% (2009 est.)
Electricity - production: 134.4 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 119.3 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production: 1.051 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - consumption: 1.564 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - exports: 85,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - imports: 671,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - proved reserves: 3.99 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
Natural gas - production: 70 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 36.5 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 33.5 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 3.001 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
Current account balance: $10.7 billion (2009 est.) $604 million (2008 est.)
Exports: $115.6 billion (2009 est.) $139.3 billion (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities: oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
Exports - partners: Japan 20.2%, US 9.5%, Singapore 9.4%, China 8.5%, South Korea 6.7%, India 5.2%, Malaysia 4.7% (2008)
Imports: $86.6 billion (2009 est.) $116 billion (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports - partners: Singapore 16.9%, China 11.8%, Japan 11.7%, Malaysia 6.9%, US 6.1%, South Korea 5.4%, Thailand 4.9% (2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $62.59 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $51.64 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Debt - external: $150.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $155.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $73.02 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $67.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $10.51 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $6.656 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares: $98.76 billion (31 December 2008) $211.7 billion (31 December 2007) $138.9 billion (31 December 2006)
Exchange rates: Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - 10,399.2 (2009), 9,698.9 (2008), 9,143 (2007), 9,159.3 (2006), 9,704.7 (2005
Communications
Telephones in use: 30.378 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 10
Cellular Phones in use: 140.578 million (2008)
Telephone system: general assessment: domestic service fair, international service good domestic: interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system; coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile cellular subscribership growing rapidly international: country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 (1998)
Television broadcast stations: 54 local TV stations (11 national TV networks; each with its group of local transmitters) (2006)
Internet country code: .id
Internet hosts: 865,309 (2009)
Internet users: 30 million (2008)
Transportation
Airports: 683 (2009) country comparison to the world: 10
Airports (paved runways): total: 164 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 51 914 to 1,523 m: 56 under 914 m: 35 (2009)
Airports (unpaved runways): total: 519 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 25 under 914 m: 489 (2009)
Heliports: 36 (2009)
Pipelines: condensate 735 km; condensate/gas 73 km; gas 5,797 km; oil 5,721 km; oil/gas/water 12 km; refined products 1,370 km; water 44 km (2008)
Railways: total: 8,529 km narrow gauge: 8,529 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways: total: 391,009 km paved: 216,714 km unpaved: 174,295 km (2005)
Waterways: 21,579 km (2008)
Merchant marine: total: 971 by type: bulk carrier 54, cargo 514, chemical tanker 35, container 80, liquefied gas 7, passenger 44, passenger/cargo 68, petroleum tanker 143, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 10, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 4 foreign-owned: 43 (China 2, France 1, Germany 1, Japan 6, Norway 1, Philippines 1, Singapore 27, Taiwan 2, UAE 2) registered in other countries: 114 (Bahamas 2, Cambodia 2, China 1, Hong Kong 7, Liberia 2, Mongolia 1, Panama 31, Singapore 66, unknown 2) (2008)
Ports and terminals: Banjarmasin, Belawan, Ciwandan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok
Military

Military branches: Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL); includes marines, naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)), National Air Defense Command (Kommando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) (2009)
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2008)
Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 63,800,825 females age 16-49: 61,729,717 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 52,997,922 females age 16-49: 52,503,046 (2009 est.)

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Rabu, 07 April 2010

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Prosedur Pekerja Asing Korea

Menentukan kebijakan penting mengenai ukuran aliran tenaga kerja asing dan negara pengirim
Ketua Komite Kebijakan Tenaga Kerja Luar Negeri (FWPC); Ketua: Menteri Koordinasi Kebijakan Pemerintah) dibentuk di Kantor Perdana Menteri untuk menentukan industri-industri yang relevan serta ukuran aliran tenaga kerja asing pada tingkat yang memadai dan untuk memilih negara pengirim, dll. setiap tahun dengan memperhatikan permintaan dan penawaran.

※ Ketua Komite Kebijakan Tenaga Kerja Luar Negeri (FWPC); Ketua: Deputi Menteri Tenaga Kerja; terdiri atas anggota dari bidang tenaga kerja, manajemen, politik dan publik) dibentuk di dalam MOL untuk merundingkan jauh sebelumnya segala permasalahan yang akan dibahas di FWPC.
Penandatanganan MOU tentang pengiriman tenaga kerja (Pemerintah Korea ⇔ pemerintah negara pengirim)
Di bawah MOU antarnegara ini, dilakukan pengaturan terhadap persyaratan pemilihan, metode, institusi yang bertanggung jawab, serta hak dan kewajiban masing-masing pihak. (Tidak ada agensi swasta yang terlibat di dalam proses penerimaan pekerja asing.)
※ Negara-negara yang telah menandatangani MOU bersama Korea adalah: Mongolia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Filipina, dan Uzbekistan.
Menyiapkan daftar pencari kerja berkewarganegaraan asing (pemerintah negara pengirim ⇔ Pemerintah Korea)
- Pemerintah atau institusi publik dari negara pengirim memilih pekerja yang akan dikirim dan menyiapkan daftar pencari kerja berkewarganegaraan asing berdasarkan standar tujuan seperti skor ujian bahasa Korea dan pengalaman.
※ Persyaratan bagi pencari kerja berkewarganegaraan asing
- Berusia di atas 18 tahun
- Memegang paspor yang sah
- Bebas dari segala hal yang dapat menyebabkannya didiskualifikasi mengenai identitas pribadi (mereka yang tidak berhak menjadi pekerja asing, menurut ketetapan Pasal 11 Undang-Undang Kontrol Imigrasi)
- Lulus ujian bahasa Korea (sejak Agustus 2005)
- Menerapkan ujian bahasa Korea untuk mencegah terjadinya korupsi terkait dengan pengiriman pekerja asing dan untuk menjamin objektivitas dalam pemilihan pekerja (sejak Agustus 2005)
- Apabila terdapat penipuan atau kecurangan dalam pernyataan, maka pencari kerja berkewarganegaraan asing yang bermasalah akan dikeluarkan dari daftar untuk selama-lamanya dan negara pengirim yang terkait akan mengalami kerugian di masa mendatang di saat proses pemilihan negara pengirim.
Permohonan izin bekerja (Pekerja ⇔ Departemen Tenaga Kerja (MOL))
Persyaratan Permohonan
- Industri yang diperbolehkan untuk menerima pekerja asing serta bisnis atau kantor yang diperbolehkan untuk mempekerjakan pekerja asing
※ Industri-industri yang diperbolehkan menerima pekerja asing:
- Manufaktur, Pertanian dan Peternakan, Konstruksi, Perikanan (Perkebunan dan Perikanan Dekat Pantai), dan Jasa (Mengumpulkan dan Menjual Bahan Reproduksi dan Gudang Berpendingin)
- Apabila majikan tidak mampu mempekerjakan pekerja lokal, baik secara keseluruhan maupun sebagian, setelah berusaha keras selama tujuh hari mencarinya
- Apabila majikan tidak memiliki pekerja domestik yang meninggalkan pekerjaannya berdasarkan kontrol pekerjaan selama periode 2 bulan sebelum permohonan perekrutan pekerja domestik hingga tanggal permohonan untuk izin kerja
- Apabila majikan tidak menunda pembayaran upah untuk waktu sejak 5 bulan sebelum permohonan perekrutan pekerja domestik hingga tanggal permohonan untuk izin kerja
- Tempat kerja yang mempunyai asuransi pekerjaan dan asuransi kecelakaan industri (kecuali untuk tempat kerja yang tidak berkewajiban memilikinya)
Prosedur Permohonan
- Permohonan izin mencari pekerja
. Pelamar: Majikan yang ingin mempekerjakan pekerja asing
. Dokumen yang harus diserahkan: Permohonan untuk Izin Pekerjaan bagi Pekerja Asing (Formulir No. 4 yang dilampirkan dengan ini), dokumen lainnya yang menunjukkan bukti kualifikasi pengeluaran/penerbitan.
※ Dokumen yang menunjukkan bukti kualifikasi untuk mengajukan permohonan (Majikan yang memohon)
- Salinan Sertifikat Pendaftaran Usaha / Izin Usaha, dengan syarat, apabila majikan tidak terikat kewajiban untuk memiliki Sertifikat Pendaftaran Usaha / Izin Usaha, maka diperlukan salinan pendaftaran penduduk yang disahkan.
. Batas Waktu Permohonan: Dalam 3 bulan setelah masa 7 hari sejak upaya untuk merekrut pekerja domestik.
. Cara Memohon: Mengisi formulir permohonan ke ESC yang berkompeten
. Rincian Surat Permohonan: Kondisi perekrutan seperti jenis pekerjaan, kebangsaan, jenis kelamin, usia, tempat kerja, gaji, tunjangan (apakah pondokan dan makan disediakan ataukah tidak), latar belakang pendidikan, kemampuan Bahasa Korea, pengalaman kerja, dll, berkenaan dengan pekerjaan pekerja asing
Memilih pekerja asing dan menerbitkan izin kerja (Majikan ⇔ MOL)
Merekomendasikan dan Memilih Pencari Kerja Berkewarganegaraan Asing
- Untuk majikan yang telah memohon izin mencari pekerja asing, disarankan mencari dahulu calon yang berada di daftar pencari kerja berkewarganegaraan asing yang memenuhi syarat perekrutan pekerja, untuk dipilih dalam 3 bulan sejak tanggal permohonan izin mencari pekerja asing.
- Ketika pekerja asing direkomendasikan, informasi pribadi seperti nama dan alamat tidak boleh diungkapkan
Penerbitan Izin Mencari Pekerja Asing
- Bagi majikan yang telah memilih pekerja yang direkomendasikan, Izin Mencari Tenaga Kerja Asing yang mencakup nama pekerja asing yang terpilih dan informasi sejenis akan diterbitkan.
. Majikan yang izinnya diterbitkan harus membuat kontrak kerja dengan pekerja asing yang dimaksud, dan kontrak harus dilampirkan pada izin mencari tenaga kerja asing dalam 3 bulan sejak tanggal penerbitan izin.
. Apabila majikan yang izinnya sudah diterbitkan gagal membuat kontrak kerja dengan pekerja asing karena sebab-sebab yang tidak dapat dihindari seperti kematian pekerja asing dan kemudian ingin mempekerjakan pekerja asing lainnya, permohonan untuk menerbitkan kembali izin mencari tenaga kerja asing harus dibuat dalam waktu 7 hari sejak terjadinya sebab-sebab perlunya penerbitan kembali izin tersebut.
- Dokumen yang harus diisi saat mengajukan permohonan
. Permohonan untuk Penerbitan Kembali Izin Mencari Tenaga Kerja Asing (Lampiran Peraturan No. 7)
. Salinan asli dari Izin Mencari Tenaga Kerja Asing
. Dokumen untuk membuktikan bahwa industri diperbolehkan menerima pekerja asing, dan bisnis atau tempat kerja yang diperbolehkan menyewa pekerja asing, yang semuanya ditentukan oleh FWPC (hanya apabila jenis dan ukuran bisnis atau tempat kerja berbeda dari saat mengajukan permohonan izin mencari tenaga kerja asing)
※ Kasus ketika izin mencari tenaga kerja asing tidak diterbitkan
- Tidak ada pekerja asing yang memenuhi persyaratan
- Majikan tidak memilih calon yang direkomendasikan
- Persyaratan penerbitan tidak terpenuhi
- Ukuran aliran pekerja asing yang ditentukan oleh FWPC terlampaui
※ Siapa pun selain daripada institusi keselamatan kerja tidak boleh terlibat dalam pemilihan dan pengenalan pekerja asing atau segala kegiatan yang terkait ketenagakerjaan yang mana pun, dan pelanggaran terhadap hal ini dapat mengakibatkan hukuman penjara tidak lebih dari 1 tahun atau denda tidak lebih dari 10 juta won.
Mengembalikan Izin Mencari Tenaga Kerja Asing
- Apabila kejadian berikut ini terjadi, maka izin mencari tenaga kerja asing harus dikembalikan dalam 10 hari.
. Izin mencari tenaga kerja asing dicabut
※ Alasan pencabutan izin mencari tenaga kerja asing
- Majikan melanggar persyaratan kerja termasuk dalam pemberian upah yang telah disetujui sebelum pekerja asing memasuki negara Korea
- Dinyatakan bahwa kontrak kerja tidak dapat dipertahankan karena pembayaran upah yang menunggak oleh majikan dan pelanggaran lainnya terhadap undang-undang ketenagakerjaan.
- Izin mencari tenaga kerja asing diperoleh dengan menyediakan data palsu dan/atau bentuk kejahatan lainnya.
. Pekerja asing pindah ke bisnis atau tempat kerja lainnya
. Pekerja asing meninggal
. Pekerja asing tidak hadir di tempat kerjanya selama lebih dari 5 hari tanpa alasan yang jelas, misalnya, tanpa mendapatkan persetujuan majikan atau keberadaannya tidak diketahui.
. Pekerja asing meninggalkan Korea karena masa tinggalnya telah habis, dengan syarat bahwa ini tidak berlaku untuk kepulangan sementara
Menandatangani kontrak tenaga kerja (Majikan ⇔ Pekerja Asing)
- Majikan yang izinnya diterbitkan harus menandatangani kontrak kerja dalam waktu 3 bulan sejak tanggal penerbitan izin.
. Majikan dapat mempercayakan kontrak eksekusi kerja ini kepada institusi agen
- Institusi agen yang menjalankan kontrak kerja atas nama majikan: HRD Korea
- Perusahaan atau organisasi nirlaba yang dipilih dan diumumkan oleh Menteri Tenaga Kerja, dengan memperhatikan kinerjanya dalam urusan tenaga kerja dan sumberdaya lainnya.
- Berkaitan dengan kontrak kerja, kontrak kerja standar (Formulir No. 6 terlampir) harus dibuat ganda, dan salah satunya harus dikirimkan kepada pekerja asing.
- Syarat kontrak kerja tidak boleh lebih dari 1 tahun, dan kontrak dapat diperbarui dalam waktu tidak lebih dari 3 tahun sejak tanggal kedatangan pekerja asing, dan majikan yang memperbarui kontrak kerja harus memohon perpanjangan masa berlakunya izin mencari tenaga kerja asing melalui Permohonan Perpanjangan Masa Izin Mencari Tenaga Kerja Asing (Formulir No. 7 terlampir)
- Pengaruh dari kontrak kerja: kontrak berlaku efektif sejak tanggal kedatangan pekerja asing ke Korea
Menerbitkan sertifikat penerbitan visa (Majikan ⇔ MOJ)
Surat permohonan untuk menerbitkan sertifikat penerbitan visa
- Agar dapat memasukkan pekerja asing ke Korea, majikan yang telah menandatangani kontak kerja dengan pekerja asing harus memohon ke kantor kompeten Biro Imigrasi untuk menerbitkan sertifikat penerbitan visa dan mengirim sertifikat tersebut ke pekerja sehingga pekerja dapat melanjutkan prosedur untuk masuk ke Korea di Kedutaan Besar Korea.
- Majikan dapat mempercayakan pekerjaan yang berkaitan dengan imigrasi untuk pekerja asing ini ke lembaga pendukung.
※ Lembaga dapat menjalankan pekerjaan yang berkaitan dengan imigrasi atas nama majikan
- HRD Korea
- Perusahaan atau organisasi nirlaba yang dipilih dan diumumkan oleh Menteri Tenaga Kerja, dengan memperhatikan kinerjanya dalam urusan tenaga kerja dan sumberdaya lainnya.
Menerima pekerja asing (Majikan ⇔ Pekerja Asing)
- Lembaga pengirim mengambil langkah untuk memasukkan pekerja asing ke Korea berdasarkan jadwal yang ditentukan bersama dengan lembaga pendukung
- Panduan masuk dan juru bahasa dikirim ke bandara mengkonfirmasi dan mengambil alih pekerja.
- Pekerja asing yang masuk ke Korea menyelesaikan kursus pelatihan kerja dalam 15 hari
※ Lembaga Pelatihan Kerja
HRD Korea (penduduk Korea dengan kewarganegaraan asing), Yayasan Buruh Internasional Korea – Korea International Labor Foundation (Vietnam, Mongolia, Thailand, China), Federasi Usaha Kecil Korea – Korea Federation of Small Business (Sri Lanka, Filipina, Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Kamboja, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Kyrgyz, Timor Leste) (Untuk Industri Pabrik)
Mengelola pekerjaan para pekerja asing (Majikan ⇔MOL) / Mengelola tempat tinggal para pekerja asing (Majikan⇔MOJ)
- Walaupun pada prinsipnya pekerja asing dilarang pindah ke tempat kerja lain, pekerja asing diperbolehkan untuk pindah tempat kerja apabila ada alasan yang tidak dapat dihindarkan seperti penghentian atau penutupan operasional perusahaan dan pemberhentian sah berdasarkan kontrak kerja oleh majikan.
- Menyiapkan perlindungan resmi dan institusional bagi pekerjaan pekerja asing dan menerapkan peraturan yang berkelanjutan dan kuat melawan pekerja ilegal.
- Membolehkan pekerja asing untuk berpindah ke tempat kerja lain apabila terdapat penyebab yang tidak dapat dielakkan, seperti penutupan usaha atau karena perusahaan ditangguhkan usahanya, dan terjadi keterlambatan penggajian. MOL mengoperasikan sistem komputer manajemen pekerjaan tenaga asing dan membentuk sistem manajemen tenaga kerja asing melalui pengawasan dan investigasi secara berkala terhadap perusahaan yang menyewa pekerja asing.
- Untuk mencegah agar pekerja asing tidak menetap di Korea, masa kerja ditentukan selama 3 tahun dan dapat diperbarui kembali setiap tahun. `


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